Chronic Periodontitis | LYGOS DENTAL

Chronic Periodontitis

Oral and dental health is an integral part of our overall well-being. However, many people are unaware of how serious gum diseases can be. Among these conditions, one of the most common and progressive is chronic periodontitis. This condition progresses silently and, if left untreated, can lead to tooth loss and systemic health problems. So, what exactly is chronic periodontitis? What are its symptoms, causes, and treatment methods? You’ll find the answers to all these questions in our article.

What is Chronic Periodontitis?

Chronic periodontitis is a slow-progressing but persistent gum disease characterized by inflammation of the tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth. It typically occurs in adults and often develops without noticeable symptoms for a long time. This disease is caused by bacterial infection resulting from the accumulation of plaque and tartar, eventually affecting the gum tissue, periodontal ligaments, and even the jawbone.

Common signs include gum recession, loose teeth, and bad breath. However, it may show no symptoms in the early stages, which allows it to progress silently.

Differences Between Chronic and Acute Periodontitis

Periodontitis is classified into two main categories: chronic and acute periodontitis. Although both cause inflammation of the gum and supporting tissues, there are key differences:

Feature	Chronic Periodontitis	Acute Periodontitis
Onset	Slow and insidious	Sudden and rapid
Symptoms	Mild to severe, often subtle	Severe pain, swelling, sometimes fever
Progression	Develops over months or years	Rapid progression in a short time
Prevalence	More common	Less common
Response to Treatment	Requires regular maintenance	Requires immediate intervention

Chronic periodontitis is typically the primary form of gum disease, while the acute form usually results from trauma or a systemic condition.

What Causes Chronic Periodontitis?

The main cause of chronic periodontitis is bacterial plaque that accumulates on teeth. However, several factors contribute to its development:

Dental Plaque and Tartar: Poor oral hygiene leads to plaque, which hardens into tartar over time. These deposits promote bacterial growth and inflammation in the gums.
Smoking: Smoking reduces oxygen supply to gum tissues, weakens the immune system, and delays healing, accelerating periodontitis progression.
Genetic Predisposition: Some people are genetically more prone to gum diseases. A family history of periodontitis increases risk.
Systemic Diseases: Conditions like diabetes and HIV/AIDS weaken the immune system, making gum infections more likely.
Hormonal Changes: Pregnancy, menopause, and puberty can increase gum sensitivity and the risk of inflammation.

Who is at Risk for Chronic Periodontitis?

While anyone can develop periodontitis, certain groups are more vulnerable. Risk factors include:

Individuals with poor oral hygiene
Smokers and tobacco users
People with uncontrolled diabetes
Those with a family history of gum disease
Individuals who skip regular dental checkups
People under high stress (which weakens the immune system)
Individuals with poor nutrition, especially vitamin C deficiency

If you fall into any of these categories, you should take extra care of your gum health.

Symptoms of Chronic Periodontitis

Chronic periodontitis usually progresses quietly, making early diagnosis critical. Symptoms include:

Red and swollen gums
Bleeding while brushing or eating
Gum recession
Loose or shifting teeth
Persistent bad breath (halitosis)
Pain or discomfort when biting
Gum line irritation or abscess formation

If you notice one or more of these signs, it’s important to see a dentist promptly.

Treatment Methods for Chronic Periodontitis

The primary goal in treating chronic periodontitis is to control infection and restore the health of the supporting structures. Treatment methods may include:

Professional Dental Cleaning (Scaling and Root Planing): The dentist removes plaque and tartar buildup and smooths root surfaces to prevent bacteria from reattaching.
Antibiotic Therapy Antibiotics: taken orally or applied locally help fight bacterial infection.
Surgical Intervention: Advanced cases may require flap surgery, bone grafting, or guided tissue regeneration. These procedures clean deep pockets and repair damaged tissues.
Laser Treatment: Thanks to modern technology, some cases can be treated with less invasive laser procedures, promoting faster healing.
Patient Education and Follow-Up: After treatment, maintaining good oral hygiene and attending regular checkups are crucial. Otherwise, the disease may retu

Chronic periodontitis can lead to tooth loss if not addressed but can be managed with early diagnosis and proper treatment. Maintaining oral hygiene, avoiding risk factors, and visiting the dentist regularly play key roles in prevention.

If you experience bleeding gums, swelling, or bad breath, consult a periodontist without delay. Remember, healthy teeth begin with healthy gums.

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Chronic Periodontitis Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Can chronic periodontitis be completely cured?

Chronic periodontitis is a progressive disease, so full recovery is not always possible. However, with early diagnosis and regular treatment, the disease can be halted, tooth loss prevented, and oral health significantly preserved. With consistent hygiene and checkups, recurrence can be avoided.

How long does treatment for chronic periodontitis take?

The duration depends on the severity. Mild cases may only need a few dental visits, while advanced cases may require months of treatment and follow-up. Surgical procedures may extend the healing process.

Can periodontitis cause tooth loss?

Yes. If left untreated, periodontitis can erode the bone supporting the teeth, causing them to become loose and eventually fall out. Prompt attention is essential upon noticing symptoms.

Is chronic periodontitis contagious?

No. Periodontitis is not directly contagious. However, bacteria that cause the disease can be transmitted via saliva between partners or family members. Avoid sharing toothbrushes, and ensure everyone maintains good oral hygiene.

Chronic Periodontitis | LYGOS DENTAL

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